Prevalence of Osteoporosis Among Postmenopausal Women in a Selected Panchayat of Kerala, India

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health concern among postmenopausal women, leading to increased morbidity, fractures, and reduced quality of life. In India, the burden of osteoporosis remains underestimated due to underdiagnosis and limited community based screening.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women, to examine its association with selected demographic variables, and to develop a lifestyle modification package for prevention and management.Methods: A quantitative, non experimental descriptive survey design was adopted. A total of 150 postmenopausal women aged 45–60 years were selected from Ward 3 of Athirampuzha Panchayat, Kottayam district, using systematic random sampling. Participants were screened using a structured osteoporosis risk assessment questionnaire. Bone mineral density was measured using a bone densitometer for women identified as high risk. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test.Results: Among the participants, 73.33% had normal bone density, 10.67% had osteopenia, and 16% had osteoporosis. A statistically significant association was found between educational status and osteoporosis (χ² = 7.84, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between osteoporosis and age, type of family, or occupation.Conclusion: Osteoporosis and osteopenia were prevalent among postmenopausal women in the community. Educational status emerged as a significant factor associated with osteoporosis. Community based screening and lifestyle modification interventions are essential to reduce the burden of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.