Precision Nursing in the Era of Personalized Healthcare: Integrating Genomics, Biomarkers, Digital Health, and Data-Driven Interventions into Clinical Practice

Abstract

Precision nursing has emerged as an important extension of personalized healthcare, emphasizing the use of individual biological, clinical, behavioral, environmental, and social information to guide nursing assessment, decision-making, intervention, and outcome evaluation. This review examines the evolving role of precision nursing in contemporary clinical practice, with particular attention to the integration of genomics, biomarkers, pharmacogenomics, digital health technologies, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and patient-generated health data. It explores how these tools can support earlier risk identification, individualized care planning, medication safety, continuous monitoring, improved symptom management, and more responsive nursing interventions across oncology, cardiovascular care, critical care, diabetes management, mental health, maternal and child health, geriatrics, and community health. The review also evaluates the potential contribution of wearable devices, remote patient monitoring, electronic health records, and clinical decision-support systems to data-driven nursing practice. Despite these opportunities, implementation remains limited by inadequate genomic and digital literacy, fragmented health information systems, algorithmic bias, privacy and cybersecurity concerns, ethical uncertainty, unequal access to technology, and unclear professional accountability. Advancing precision nursing will therefore require competency-based education, continuing professional development, strong nursing leadership, interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical governance, and policies that promote equitable access and responsible data use. Future research should prioritize nursing-sensitive outcomes, implementation effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, patient acceptability, health equity, and the development of transparent and clinically relevant precision-care models. Precision nursing has the potential to strengthen patient-centered care by enabling nurses to deliver more predictive, preventive, personalized, and evidence-informed interventions while preserving professional judgment, therapeutic relationships, and patient preferences.